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Universal Curriculum - 35722

Teachers Manual and 14 student activity cards for grades 4-9.
Activity cards include lessons on pulleys, gears, screws, wheel and axle. Covers physics concepts in force and resistance as they apply to mechanical advantage in simple and compund machines. For Grades 4 to 9.

Teacher Manual

Click on Image to enlarge

The Card: Explains how the card is set up and to be used by the students. The Card's designed to be used after the student has constructed the appropriate model. The model's name is at the bottom of the card. It apperas on the front and back of the card. The type of simple machine that this model demonstrates is indicated in the upper right hand corner of the card. There is a logo for each type of machine. For gears there is a picture of a gear, pulleys has a picture of a pulley system, levers are represented by a picture of a scale, the screw has a picture of a bolt, and the wheel and axle has a picture of a pepper grinder.

 

Each card has a actual picture of the model that the student built. Next to the actual picture is the level of the card. Below the level indicator is the background. The background is to be read by the student before they attempt to answer the activity questions. The activity questions are divided into two types. the "Think about it!" activity questions are science based questions that can be answered by visually observing how the model behaves as well as physically manipulating the model. The "Try This!" questions are extension questions that ask the student to change the model by adding or changing the pieces so that the new parameters can be met. For example adding smaller gears to make the fan blade spin faster.


The following machines are included in this curriculum.
  • Block and Tackle Hoist
  • Construction Crane
  • Scale with Sliding Weight
  • Balance Beam Scale
  • Postal Scale
  • Garage Door
  • Mechanical LIft
  • Centrifuge Ride
  • Coping Saw
  • Planer
  • Stamping Press
  • Fan
  • Transmission
  • Sewing Machine
  • Food Processor
  • Oil Drill
  • Flying Swings Ride

  • Student Handbook


    Level 1 Things to do

    1. Turn the handle clockwise. Which direction does the large gear turn?
    2. Which way does the small gear turn?
    3. How many times does the fan blade turn when the large gear turns one time?

    Now try this...

    1. Try using the same size gear as the gear attached to the handle. How does this affect the number of times the fan blade turns?
    2. Using any of the gears try to make the fan blade spin the fastest. Now try to make the fan blade spin as slow as possible.


    Level 1 Background

    Gears can change the direction of motion from clockwise to counter-clockwise. This applies to all gear systems in a straight row. If the number of gear shafts is even, the motion will be opposite that of the first gear (figure A). If the number of gear shafts is odd, then the direction of the motion will be the same as the first gear (figure B).

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